Aristotle (; , Aristotéles; 384–322 BC) was a Greek philosopher and scientist born in the city of Stagira, Chalkidice, on the northern periphery of Classical Greece. His father, Nicomachus, died when Aristotle was a child, whereafter Proxenus of Atarneus became his guardian. At eighteen, he joined Plato's Academy in Athens and remained there until the age of thirty-seven (c. 347 BC). His writings cover many subjects – including physics, biology, zoology, metaphysics, logic, ethics, aesthetics, poetry, theater, music, rhetoric, linguistics, politics and government – and constitute the first comprehensive system of Western philosophy. Shortly after Plato died, Aristotle left Athens and, at the request of Philip of Macedon, tutored Alexander the Great starting from 343 BC. According to the Encyclopædia Britannica, "Aristotle was the first genuine scientist in history ... [and] every scientist is in his debt."

Aristóteles (en griego antiguo: Ἀριστοτέλης, Aristotélēs; Estagira, 384 a. C.-Calcis, 322 a. C.) fue un polímata: filósofo, lógico y científico de la Antigua Grecia cuyas ideas han ejercido una enorme influencia sobre la historia intelectual de Occidente por más de dos milenios.